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Ready to depart from England on the Third Crusade a knight kneels before a monk and receives a crucifix, 14th century illumination. The Third Crusade (1189-92) was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin. The campaign was largely successful, capturing the important cities of Acre and Jaffa, and reversing most of Saladin's conquests, but it failed to capture Jerusalem, the emotional and spiritual motivation of the Crusade. On September 2, 1192, King Richard I and Saladin finalized a treaty granting Muslim control over Jerusalem but allowing unarmed Christian pilgrims and merchants to visit the city. The successes of the Third Crusade allowed the Crusaders to maintain considerable crusader states in Cyprus and on the Syrian coast. However, the failure to recapture the ultimate prize, Jerusalem, would lead to the Fourth Crusade.
