Model of the internal anatomy of an adult female pelvis (median section). Here, removal of the digestive organs and the internal genitalia makes it possible to view the pelvic wall. The internal surface of the anterior pelvic wall (on the left of the picture) is covered by the superficial fascia including fat (in yellow). It is followed by the rectus abdominis muscle (in red), which is bordered by a thick aponeurosis membrane (white line). The pelvic vascular network (arteries in red and veins in blue) includes: the common iliac artery (derived from the abdominal aorta, bringing oxygenated blood to the lower part of the body) and the common iliac vein draining deoxygenated blood from the pelvis and the lower limbs towards the inferior vena cava. In the lumbar intervertebral disc region, the common iliac artery divides into internal (posterior) and external (anterior) iliac arteries, irrigating the pelvic structures and the lower limbs, respectively. The internal iliac artery next bifurcates into an anterior section (giving the obturator, umbilical, uterine, rectal and internal pudendal arteries) and a posterior section, dividing in the sacral area. The common iliac vein transports the blood coming from the internal and external iliac veins, receiving a network of veins with names corresponding to the arteries. The ovarian artery and vein, irrigating the ovaries and the Fallopian tubes, run alongside below the ureter (in greenish yellow) bringing urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder. The inferior epigastric vessels, branches of the external iliac vessels, irrigate the abdominal wall. The obturator nerve (in yellow) arises from the lumbar plexus and goes down vertically inside the pelvis; it passes under the external iliac vessels and innervates the thigh muscles. On the lateral pelvic wall lies the iliacus muscle (in red) followed by the psoas major muscle, flexor of the hip. Located on the right of the common iliac vessels, the obturator internus muscle
