Die Festung Fortaleza in Peniche an der Atlantikküste Portugals war einst ein politisches Gefängnis, in dem Kommunisten gegen die Salazar-Diktatur von 1933-74 festgehalten wurden. Heute ist sie jedoch ein Museum, das den Kampf gegen den Faschismus feiert. Es wurde Mitte der 1500s Jahre erbaut und wurde von Sir Francis Drake belagert, sah Kämpfe im Halbinselkrieg und diente als Zufluchtsort für ehemalige portugiesische Kolonisten.
7360 x 4912 px | 62,3 x 41,6 cm | 24,5 x 16,4 inches | 300dpi
Aufnahmedatum:
3. Juni 2013
Ort:
Peniche, Leiria District, Centro Region, Portugal.
Weitere Informationen:
Dieses Bild kann kleinere Mängel aufweisen, da es sich um ein historisches Bild oder ein Reportagebild handel
Peniche, Leiria District, Portugal: a round-arched sea gate in massive ramparts allows water to lap rocks in the moat spanned by yellow arches that once ended in a drawbridge defending the main portal of the Fortaleza de Peniche or Peniche Fortress. The austere fortress guarding the mouth of Peniche harbour was founded by King John III in the mid-1500s as a key coastal stronghold against attacks by the English and French and raids by Barbary pirates. It was built from 1557 to a design influenced by England’s Tudor coastal castles. It grew in 1645 into an irregular star-shaped artillery fort, with new batteries added in the early-1800s, but after the 1815 Congress of Vienna brought peace to Europe, it lost its military importance. The stronghold’s history includes being besieged while under Spanish control in 1589 by English admiral Sir Francis Drake, being damaged in the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake, fighting in the early 1800s Peninsula War and Portuguese Civil War, an 1837 gunpowder explosion and fire that destroyed the Governor’s House, and use as a refuge for former Portuguese colonists and as a tuberculosis sanatorium. The fortress has also been a political prison, holding German and Austrian nationals during World War I and opponents of the authoritarian Estado Novo (Second Republic) regime led by António de Oliveira Salazar from 1933 to 1974. Despite being held in maximum security, some prisoners, including communist leader Álvaro Cunhal, managed to escape by descending from the walls on ropes made from sheets. A military coup in 1974 led to Portugal returning to democracy. The fortress is now Peniche’s municipal museum, telling the story of the town and also, as the National Museum of Resistance and Freedom, celebrating the struggle against fascism. Visitors can also see the old prison yards and isolation cells. D1287.B5354
