Die Erbauer des vereinten Italiens: Fehden spielen in der angelsächsischen Geschichte so wenig mit, dass es uns schwer fällt, ihre Bedeutung in den lateinischen Ländern zu verstehen. Italien vor einem Jahrhundert war der Kampf der Romantiker und Klassiker. Die Klassiker werden in einer gewissen umarmten Tugend, einer Politik des Nichtwiderstands und der Betrachtung von Pastorien belächelt. Es war der Ehrgeiz der Romantiker, den Italienern eine originelle nationale Literatur zu geben, nicht eine, die so eifrig ist, Musik zu geben, um das Ohr zu kitzeln und zu sterben, sondern eine, die ihnen ihre Sehnsüchte, ihre Ideen, die vermitteln wird

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Builders of united Italy . feuds play so little part in Anglo-Saxon history that we find it difficult to understandthe importance of their place in Latin countries.Italy a century ago was the battle-groimd of theRomanticists and Classicists. The Classicists be-lieved in a certain smug cloistered virtue, a policyof non-resistance, and the contemplation of pastglories. It was the ambition of the Romanticists to give Italians an original national literature, not one that is as a soiuid of passing music totickle the ear and die, but one that will interpretto them their aspirations, their ideas, their needs, their social movement. Alfieri had been preach-ing resistance to Austrian tyranny through hisdramas, the boy Mazzini first looked to him as apoHtical saviour of Italy. He wrote, these lit-erary disputes are bound up with all that is im-portant in social and civil hfe, and again thelegislation and literature of a people always ad-vance on parallel lines. Young Italy firsthoped to win freedom through its literature.. M A Z Z I I THE PROPHET 127 The ill-fated Carbonari rebellion of 1821 sentmany Piedmontese patriots flying through Genoato Spain. Giuseppe Mazzini, then sixteen years ofage, walking from church one Sunday morning inGenoa in company with his mother, was stoppedby a tall, gaunt-featured, black-eyed man whoheld out his hat asking alms for the refugeesof Italy. The scene made a tremendous impres-sion on the youths mind, for the first time he feltthat the cause of freedom was not a scholasticsubject, but one demanding the height of sacri-fice. He set himself to study the causes of thefailure of past uprisings, and at the same timededicated himself to the work of teaching his coun-trymen how they might succeed. The French Revolution had failed because ithad taught men only a knowledge of their rights, without any conception of their duties. Men hadnot learned the law of self-restraint, and their idealwas the greatest personal liberty rather than thegreatest perso

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