. Die actinomyceten. Actinomycetales. 128 Die ACTINOMYCETEN, Vol. I J^ACTIC STREPTOLIN. 14 12 30 50 Stunden Abbildung 60. Änderungen des Stoffwechsels durch eine streptolin-bildenden Streptomyces. Streptolin, Einheiten 10^ml; GLUKOSE - mg/ml; Milchsäure, mg/ml (Repro - durch besondere Erlaubnis: Rivett, R. W. und Peterson, W. H. J. bin. Chem. Soc. 69: 3007, 1947). DL-Threonin; beste Produktion von neomycin, mit alpha-Alanin, L-Asparaginsäure und DL-Säuren, L- und D-ghitamic Säuren, L-Histidin, L-Prolin, DL-Threonin und N - Z Amin. Einige Actinomyceten, insbesondere nocardias, attack Proteine zu einer eher hmited Degre

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. The actinomycetes. Actinomycetales. 128 THE ACTINOMYCETES, Vol. I J^ACTIC STREPTOLIN. 14 12 30 50 HOURS Figure 60. Metabolic changes produced by a streptolin-forming streptomyces. Streptolin, units 10^ ml; glucose, mg/ml; lactic acid, mg/ml (Repro- duced by special permission from: Rivett, R. W. and Peterson, W. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 69: 3007, 1947). DL-threonine; best production of neomycin, with alpha-alanine, L- and DL-aspartic acids, L- and D-ghitamic acids, L-histidine, L-proline, DL-threonine, and N-Z amine. Some actinomycetes, notably nocardias, attack proteins to a rather hmited degree. Casein may not be hydrolyzed. Even gelatin, which is readily used by the great majority of streptomyces, is attacked by only some nocardias, and frequently not ^-ery readity. In general, nocardias are unable to utilize xanthine, tyrosine, and certain other amino acids. The presence of glucose does not have the same depressing effect upon the decom- position of amino acids by actinomycetes, as shown by the amount of ammonia lib- erated, as it does upon fungi (Waksman and Lomanitz). A study has been made of the ratio of carbon to nitrogen consumption by S. lavendulae. This was found to depend upon conditions of growth, nature of organism, and age of culture. With sugar and tryptone in the medium, the ratios increased to about 300 per cent as growth advanced, resulting in greater oxidation of the carbohydrate as compared to the utilization of the nitrogen in tryptone for cell synthesis. This was true especially for submerged cultures: the abun- dance of available oxygen brought about a greater oxidation of carbohydrate as com- pared to the tryptone consumed (Woodruff and Foster). Romano and Nickerson (1958) studied the utilization of amino acids as sole sources of carbon and nitrogen by S. fradiae. Alanine, histidine, lysine, glutamic acid, proline, and arginine supported growth; aspartic acid, threonine, leucine, isoleucine, and methio- nine did not. A coenzyme I-linked glutam

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