. Der Carnegie Institution in Washington Publikation. TFSTUDINID ^E. 373 Amerika, wobei eine nordwestliche Richtung, diese Vergangenheit in Asien über die Brücke des Landes, die die Position der Bering Straße besetzt. Nach Westen Überschreiten Sie in Europa. Andere Verbreitung nach Südwesten Indiens und der Streifen Land, das Land mit Afrika verbunden bevölkert, und die nun, stark deprest, wird von Madagaskar und verschiedenen Gruppen von Inseln vertreten. Von diesem Land sie Afrika eingetragen haben. Das Wohnzimmer Testudinida? Die als "gigantischen Schildkröten" alle zur Gattung Tes gehören

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. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. TFSTUDINID^E. 373 America, taking a northwestern direction, they past into Asia over the bridge of land which occupied the position of Bering Strait. Passing westward they entered Europe. Others spreading southwestward peopled India and the strip of land which connected the latter country with Africa, and which now, greatly deprest, is represented by Madagascar and various groups of islands. From this land they entered Africa itself. The living Testudinida? which have been designated as "gigantic tortoises" all belong to the genus Testudo. The species of Hadrianus of the Eocene were worthy of being called gigantic. That the gigantic forms, living and extinct, may, in some cases, have been derived from small species and that some of the smaller modern species are the descendants of extinct gigantic ancestors, are possibilities. Within historical times gigantic tortoises have lived only on islands, where there are no large carnivorous mammals. On the other hand, the large Testudinidae of North America, from the Lower Eocene to the Pliocene, were exposed to the attacks ot large carnivora. As remarkt by Mr. R. Lydekker, the gigantic tortoises became extinct on all the conti- nents at the close of the Pliocene. This appears to be true of North America, since the 3 species. Fig. 471.—Testudo sumeirei. View of living animal. After Rothschild'sjigiire, greatly reduced. recorded from the Equus beds are all of moderate size. Nevertheless, Dr. Leidy has figured the claw phalange (Cont. Extinct Vert. Fauna West. Terrs., 1873, pi. xxxiii, fig. 21 ) of a species of Testudo found in Pleistocene deposits in Hardin County, Texas. The individual must have been one of great size. This phalange is now in the American Museum. We do not know why some of the Pliocene gigantic tortoises should not have had descendants in the Quaternary worthy of accompanying the great mammals of that period. Fig. 470 represents Testudo sumeirei

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• bookauthorcarnegie
• bookcentury1900
• bookdecade1900
• bookyear1908