. Der Carnegie Institution in Washington Publikation. 154 Die klimatische Faktor WIE ABGEBILDET IN ARIDEN AMERIKA. Stamm, der seine Dicke gut bis an die Spitze hält, so dass für große Entfernungen der Durchmesser nur ganz langsam variiert. An der Basis, aber sobald die Bäume werden von beträchtlichem Alter, die Stämme flare und Strebepfeiler senden. Den Holzfällern, die die Bäume fielen Natürlich bevorzugen Ihre schneiden an einem Punkt über dem Abfackeln Teil zu tun, und sich so die Arbeit der Schnitt durch die extra dicke speichern. Im Falle der jungen Bäume, nicht über 1.000 Jahre alt ist dieses Fe

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. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. 154 THE CLIMATIC FACTOR AS ILLUSTRATED IN ARID AMERICA. trunk which maintains its thickness well up to the top, so that for long distances the diameter varies only at a very slow rate. At the base, however, as soon as the trees become of any considerable age, the trunks flare and send out buttresses. The woodsmen who fell the trees naturally prefer to do their cutting at a point above the flaring portion, and thus save themselves the work of cutting through the extra thickness. In the case of young trees, not over 1, 000 years of age, this is feasible, although it necessitates the building of a platform at a height of 6 feet or so above the ground. In the case of older trees the amount of flaring is so great that it is impracticable to avoid it unless the trees are cut at a height of 15 or 20 feet. Wlien the lumbering of the sequoias was first begun, this was sometimes done, and in order to climb to the top of certain old stumps we were obliged to throw ropes over them and clamber to the height of a second-story window. In later years, however, the practise has been to cut the trees low. Some of the best and oldest stumps are cut not more than 3 or 4 feet from the ground, and 5 or 6 feet is the ordinary height. In the flaring portion of a trunk the arrangement of the rings, as it appears in a vertical section through the middle, is illustrated in figure 39, where it will be seen that the central rings—those which grew while the tree was young—are vertical and the Une of cutting is at right angles to them; but the later rings have a distinct slope parallel to the flare of the tree. Hence, when they are cut horizontally by the saw of the woodsman, as indicated by the solid Une AB, they are not tran- sected at right angles. Thus their apparent width, as seen on the surface of the stump, is greater than their real width, as shown in the dotted Hnes. In a few special cases we were able to make allowances for this and t

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• bookauthorcarnegie
• bookcentury1900
• bookdecade1910
• bookyear1914