. Bonner zoologische Beiträge: Herausgeber: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn. Biologie; Zoologie. Afrotropical Bergwald vogel Disjunktionen 197 Wald Vögel sind also eine Folge der Fragmentierung eines kontinuierlichen Bereich Exi-Stich während gespeichert. Hall (1963) in Ihren Bericht von Francolinus akzeptiert Moreau Sicht und con als die isolierten Populationen mit großer Höhe immergrünen Wald verknüpft wie Relikte aus dem kalten und nassen Epoche, wenn der Bergwald und die Gruppe als Ganzes hatte eine mehr oder weniger kontinuierliche Verteilung zwischen den Extremen p

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. Bonner zoologische Beiträge : Herausgeber: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn. Biology; Zoology. Afrotropical montane forest bird disjunctions 197 forest birds are thus a consequence of the fragmentation of a continuous range exi- sting during glacials. Hall (1963) in her review of Francolinus accepted Moreau's point of view and con- sidered the isolated populations associated with high altitude evergreen forest as relicts from a cold and wet epoch, when the montane forest and the group as a whole had a more or less continuous distribution between the extreme points where they are now found. Hall (loc. cit.) published a map of the assumed distribution of montane forest and the connections between the various mountain blocks, in a cold and wet area, and another map showing the immense area covered by forest in a warm and wet area. Livingstone (1975) noted that many montane species are highly temperature sensi- tive and that some populations of the species are widely disjunct from their nearest relatives. He suggested moreover that montane forest species were able to extend their range into lowland forest, when the climate was wet between 10, 000 and 7, 000 B. P. Although the distance is much shorter between East Africa and the Ethiopian high- land than between central Africa and Cameroon, only few birds were able to achieve the south-north passage across very dry country, while many montane forest birds took the more humid east-west route. Paleoclimatologists (see Livingstone 1975, for earlier references) have added new facts to our knowledge about the vegetational cover of the Afrotropical Region, during glacials and interglacials: the glacials correspond to very arid periods and even if the temperatures were low enough to move the montane forest boundaries to lower alti- tudes, the aridity was too high to support forest. These climatic conditions during glacials have been accepted by all biologists, espe- cially ornithologists dealin

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