. Bessere Früchte. Obst - Kultur. Aufzeichnungen der McMahon, Patten und Mcin-tosh Äpfel für 18 Jahre an eine CA-nadian Station gehalten haben ähnliche Ergebnisse. Die produktivsten Bäume Ertrag-ing etwa doppelt so viel wie die am wenigsten produktiven. Wie sehr diese dif Konferenzen in Fruchtbarkeit kann als sein - Cribed auf die Umweltbedingungen, wie Boden, Feuchtigkeit, etc., ist eine offene Frage. Aber wegen der Fre- quenz und die Bedeutung der schwankenden Variationen Wir würden sicher sein, anzunehmen, daß die Umwelt ist das Wichtigste, Pro-haps die ausschließliche Faktor. Dann auch da das Lager, auf dem fast alle

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. Better fruit. Fruit-culture. records of McMahon, Patten and Mcin- tosh apples kept for 18 years at a Ca- nadian station have given similar re- sults. The most productive trees yield- ing about twice as much as the least productive ones. How much these dif- ferences in fruitfulness may be as- cribed to environmental conditions, such as soil, moisture supply, etc., is an open question. But because of the fre- quency and importance of fluctuating variations we would be safe to assume that the environment is the main, per- haps the exclusive factor. Then, too, since the stock on which almost all of our fruit trees are grown is a seedling, undoubtedly this has a whole lot to do with these differences in performance of the trees. (The subject of the recip- rocal influence of the stock and scion will be discussed in a subsequent arti- cle.) Granting all this, we are still con- fronted by the possibility that the wide differences of productivity of our fruit trees may be due to the unintentional propagation of low producing strains —bud variations or mutations of an unproductive or drone type. Commonly trees that are shy bearers exhibit ex- ceptional vegetative vigor. They pro- duce good bud wood. They are tempt- ing, convenient and adaptable for prop- agating purposes. It must be under- stood, however, that there is no infor- mation on hand that any such drone strains have been propagated and are in existence in our orchards. Lacking such an evidence, what can the prospective orchardist do to safe- guard himself against such a possibil- ity? Lately there has been manifested a growing and persistent demand for the best, the most reliable trees. To meet it many nurserymen have been offering "pedigreed" trees, taking ad- vantage of the meaning associated with the term "pedigree." Some of such trees probably are no better than any other stock save perhaps that they have been chosen for their healthy appear- ance and size. Others have been grown from bud

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